1.2.2 SOA, Web Services, Web 2.0, and Mashups

The emergence of Web services (WS) open standards has significantly contributed to advances in the domain of software integration.

SOA is an architectural style for building software applications that use services available in a network such as the web. It promotes loose coupling between software components so that they can be reused. Applications in SOA are built based on services.

A web service is a standardized method for propagating messages between client and server applications on the world wide web.

A Webservice is a software module that aims to accomplish a specific set of tasks.

Web services can be found and implemented over a network in cloud computing

In SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) Software resources are packaged as "services" which are well-defined, self-contained modules that provide standard business functionality and are independent of the state or context of other services.

SOA define the way to make software components reusable and interoperable via service interfaces.

In the consumer web, Information and services may be programmatically aggregated, acting as building blocks of complex composition, called service mashups.

A service mashup is a webpage/service/web application that uses content from more than one source to create a single new service displayed in a single graphical interface.

In the software as a service (SaaS) domain, cloud applications can be built as a composition of other services from the same or different providers.

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2.1 VIRTUAL MACHINES PROVISIONING AND MANAGEABILITY

In this section, we will have an overview on the typical life cycle of VM and its major possible states of operation, which make the management and automation of VMs in virtual and cloud environments easier than in traditional computing environments As shown in Figure above, the cycle starts by a request delivered to the IT department, stating the requirement for creating a new server for a particular service. IT administration to start seeing the servers’ resource pool, matching these resources with the requirements, and starting the provision of the needed virtual machine. Once provisioned machine started, it is ready to provide the required service according to an SLA, or a time period after which the virtual is being released.

1.2 ROOTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

We can track the roots of clouds computing by observing the advancement of several technologies, especially in hardware (virtualization, multi-core chips), Internet technologies (Web services, service-oriented architectures, Web 2.0), distributed computing (clusters, grids), and systems management (autonomic computing, data center automation). Below Figure shows the convergence of technology fields that significantly advanced and contributed to the advent of cloud computing. . We present a closer look at the technologies that form the base of cloud computing, with the aim of providing a clearer picture of the cloud ecosystem as a whole. 1.2.1 From Mainframes to Clouds 1.2.2 SOA, Web Services, Web 2.0, and Mashups 1.2.3 Grid Computing 1.2.4 Utility Computing 1.2.5 Hardware Virtualization 1.2.6 Virtual Appliances and the Open Virtualization Format 1.2.7 Autonomic Computing ______ Cloud computing has its roots in several technologies and developments, including virtualization, gr...

2.1.1 VM Provisioning Process

Steps to Provision VM. Here, we describe the common and normal steps of provisioning a virtual server: Firstly, you need to select a server from a pool of available servers (physical servers with enough capacity) along with the appropriate OS template you need to provision the virtual machine. Secondly, you need to load the appropriate software (operating system you selected in the previous step, device drivers, middleware, and theneeded applications for the service required). Thirdly, you need to customize and configure the machine (e.g., IP address, Gateway) to configure an associated network and storage resources. Finally, the virtual server is ready to start with its newly loaded software. These are the tasks required or being performed by an IT or a data center’s specialist to provision a particular virtual machine.

Cloud Computing

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